The social willingness to comply with the law: The effect of social attitudes on traffic fatalities

This paper investigates the effect of the social willingness to comply with the law on driver behavior and traffic fatalities. We analyze a panel of 15 European Union states for 1996–2002, a period for which consistent attitudinal data are available. Using corruption indices, we find that the social willingness to comply with the law has significant positive effects on traffic fatalities with an elasticity estimated between −0.207 and −0.217. Other significant factors are traffic exposure, economic growth, speed, and alcohol consumption. We also find that, whatever benefits laws produce, differences in national traffic rules do not explain divergences in road safety. This result seems to indicate that willingness to comply matters more than legal specificity.     

城市公众安全文化教育的方法与思路——兼议北京2008"安全奥运文化"普及问题

本文通过对安全文化发展演变历史的简单回眸,探讨了适用于城市安全减灾的安全文化教育的模式及方法,尤其从文化建设层面上研究了应用安全文化建设方法的特点。作为最现实的应用,本文还就2008年北京"安全奥运"的系统化建设提出了"安全奥运文化"普及教育的思路。     

浅谈证券行业数据备份系统的实现

本文从简要分析备份技术出发,介绍了证券行业数据备份系统实现的设计、备份管理软硬件的选择、备份策略的制定、备份介质的计算等,并提供了实例.     

第三人侵害债权理论:理论创新还是法学歧途?

被很多人视为民法理论的发展和创新的第三人侵害债权理论,泯灭了物权与债权之分,赋予债权普遍的对世效力,破坏了大陆法系概念法学的传统,导致逻辑体系的混乱。该理论混淆了权利与利益的差别,借用大陆法概念机械地解释英美法的财产法理论,在逻辑概念上陷入自相矛盾之中。债权人代位权制度和反不正当竞争法的理论,足以为债权人因第三人的行为遭受的损失提供充分救济。第三人侵害债权理论非但不是理论创新,反而陷入了理论歧途。     

Developmental and Validation of The Illustrated Version of The Home Inventory for Dangers and Safety Precautions: Continuing to Address Learning Needs of Parents in Injury Prevention

This paper describes the development and validation of the Home Inventory for Dangers and Safety Precautions – Illustrated Version to be used with parents whose children are at significant risk for home injury. Because illustrations are useful in facilitating learning by parents who have difficulty ensuring child and self home safety, colored illustrations representing 6 home rooms or areas were empirically developed for assessment purposes. The dangers depicted were selected from previous work and represented those associated with the majority of family home injuries. Score-sheets contained dangers and associated precautions administered to 62 referred young parents. Administration and psychometric characteristics were examined; specific hypotheses were tested. Obtained measures of internal consistency for dangers and precautions for all illustrations (except for Stairway) and for totals were satisfactory. Administration was suitable for use with this population. Parents were able to identify approximately half of the depicted dangers while being able to provide a suitable precaution for 40%. Reading comprehension was predictive of danger identification whereas reading recognition was predictive of precautions given. The HIDSP-IV is useful in assessing a parent's knowledge of dangers and precautions from which more individualized home safety instruction can occur.     

延边应开辟一条新型工业化道路

延边发展工业化关键是发挥后发优势,采取跨越式发展思路,重点是发展信息化,这不仅可以拓展和丰富工业化的内涵,而且为解决延边工业化过程中的矛盾提供了条件。     

基于TAPI的分布式交通信息呼叫中心的研究

本文介绍了一种交通信息的发布方式，构建分布式交通信息呼叫中心的方案。方案参照和使用了目前计算机网络和电话网络的标准接口协议TAPI，提出了基于TAP13．X建立交通信息呼叫中心的可行方案及其系统架构。     

SENSITIZING PARENT EDUCATION PROGRAMS TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CONCERNS: The Perspective of the New York State Parent Education Advisory Board

Education programs for divorcing and separating parents are a valuable vehicle for providing to parents the awareness, knowledge, and skills that can lead to a smoother transition and healthier outcomes for their children. Attention to safety concerns in referral guidelines, administrative protocols, and curriculum content is integral to the efficacious and responsible delivery of parent education. This article examines the recent experience of New York State in developing guidelines for safety and quality assurance in parent education programs.     

Road Traffic and Efficient Fines

Road traffic is a typical example of an occupation with bilateral care and activity choices. In such a setting, common liability rules which simply divide damages cannot induce efficient outcomes. It is shown that fines for the violation of traffic regulations which depend on the occurrence of an accident can induce optimal behaviour. The properties of such efficient fines are derived. In particular, efficient fines tend to increase more than proportionally with the severity of an offence, while fines for repeat offenders can rise at a decreasing rate with the number of violations. To evaluate the scope for efficiency-enhancing reforms of fine systems, it is investigated whether actual regulations particularly for speeding conform to the non-proportionality requirement in selected European countries.     

严格责任在交通肇事罪中的适用

交通事故发生后当事人往往采取逃离事故现场,破坏现场,伪造现场,毁灭证据等行为,致使无法认定事故当事人的过错情况,给追究事故当事人责任带了极大的障碍,增加肇事者的侥幸心理。解决的对策是改变交通肇事罪中单纯适用过错责任的沿袭,对于违背现场保护义务人应适用严格责任来追究其刑事责任。同时,适用严格责任符合刑法的谦抑性要求,允许当事人自证其无过错以阻却其刑事责任,量刑应从轻。